MONTMORILLONITE K 20
Montmorillonite
CAS: 1318-93-0
Molecular Formula: Al2O9Si3
MONTMORILLONITE K 20 - Names and Identifiers
MONTMORILLONITE K 20 - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | Al2O9Si3 |
| Molar Mass | 282.209991455078 |
| Density | 2-3 |
| Melting Point | >300°C |
| Water Solubility | Insoluble in water. |
| Appearance | Bright yellow powder |
| Color | Beige to gray |
| Merck | 14,6260 |
| PH | 2.8-3.8 |
| Storage Condition | Sealed in dry,Room Temperature |
| MDL | MFCD00132796 |
| Use | Solid Lewis acid catalyst catalyzes etherification/esterification reaction. |
MONTMORILLONITE K 20 - Risk and Safety
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | CT9450000 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 25084000 |
MONTMORILLONITE K 20 - Reference
| Reference Show more | 1. [IF=2.678] Jianming Zhang et al."Adsorption of plantaricin Q7 on montmorillonite and application in feedback regulation of plantaricin Q7 synthesis by Lactobacillus plantarum Q7."Eng Life Sci. 2019 Jan;19(1):57-65 2. [IF=17.881] Yong Wang et al."Local electric field effect of montmorillonite in solid polymer electrolytes for lithium metal batteries."Nano Energy. 2021 Dec;90:106490 3. [IF=4.539] Mengnan Qu et al."Facile preparation of a multifunctional superhydrophilic PVDF membrane for highly efficient organic dyes and heavy metal ions adsorption and oil/water emulsions separation."Colloid Surface A. 2022 Mar;637:128231 4. [IF=4.412] Zhiyuan Yang et al."Preparation of Chitosan/Clay Composites for Safe and Effective Hemorrhage Control."MOLECULES. 2022 Jan;27(8):2571 5. [IF=0.782] Lei Qiu et al."Preparation and properties of allyl ether-based polycarboxylate superplasticizer with short-branched chains modified by nano-silica:."JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH. 2022;46(2): |
MONTMORILLONITE K 20 - Introduction
The nano-montmorillonite system of smectite clay (including calcium-based, sodium-based, sodium-calcium-based, magnesium-based montmorillonite clay) is formed by stripping and dispersing, purification and modification, ultra-fine grading, and special organic compounding. The average wafer thickness is less than 25nm, and the montmorillonite content is greater than 95%. With good dispersion properties, it can be widely used in the polymer material industry as an additive for nano-polymer polymer materials to improve impact resistance, fatigue resistance, dimensional stability and gas barrier properties, thereby enhancing the comprehensive physical properties of polymers. The role of, while improving material processing performance.
Last Update：2022-10-16 17:13:22
MONTMORILLONITE K 20 - Reference Information
| EPA chemical information | Information provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link) |
| Overview | Montmorillonite (montmorillonite), also known as microcrystalline kaolinite or gluconite, is a kind of aluminosilicate, its main component is octahedral montmorillonite particles, named after it was first discovered in the city of Monteau in France. Montmorillonite is a very soft phyllosilicate mineral. When they precipitate from an aqueous solution, they form microscopic crystals, called clay. Montmorillonite is a member of the montmorillonite family. It is a 2:1 clay, which means that it has two tetrahedral silica sheets with the central octahedral alumina sheet. The particles are plate-shaped, with an average diameter of about 1 μm and a thickness of 0.96nm; magnification of about 25,000 times using an electron microscope requires "seeing" individual clay particles. Members of this group include soapstone. Montmorillonite is a subclass of montmorillonite. Montmorillonite is a 2:1 phyllosilicate mineral, which is characterized by an octahedral charge greater than 50%; its cation exchange capacity is due to Mg isomorphic substitution of Al in the central alumina plane. In this case, the substitution of low-valent cations gives nearby oxygen atoms a net negative charge that can attract cations. In contrast, beidolite is montmorillonite with more than 50% tetrahedral charges, derived from the isomorphic substitution of Al in silica sheets. The individual crystals of montmorillonite clay are not tightly bound, so water can intervene, causing the clay to swell. The water content of montmorillonite is variable, and the volume increases greatly when absorbing water. Chemically, it is hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate magnesium hydroxide (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O. Potassium, iron and other cations are common substitutes, and the exact proportion of cations varies depending on the source. It is often mixed with chlorite, muscovite, illite, cobalt greenstone and kaolinite. |
| structural characteristics | montmorillonite is a layered hydroaluminosilicate mineral containing a small amount of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals. its structural layer is type 2:1, with water molecules and exchangeable cations between the layers. the clay with montmorillonite as the main mineral component is called bentonite. isomorphic substitution in the crystal lattice is the most basic and main structural characteristic of montmorillonite. the crystal structure of montmorillonite is composed of two layers of silicon-oxygen tetrahedron and a layer of aluminum (magnesium) oxygen (hydroxyl) octahedron sandwiched between them. Si4 in the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron is often replaced by Al3, and Al3 in the aluminum-oxygen octahedron can be replaced by low-valent cations such as Mg2 and Fe2, excess negative charge (permanent negative charge) is generated between the crystal layer (structural layer). in order to maintain electrical neutrality, large radius cations such as k, Na, Ca2, Mg2, Li, h, etc. are adsorbed between crystal layers. these cations appear in a hydrated state and can be exchanged with each other, so that montmorillonite minerals have a series of characteristics such as ion exchange force. |
| physical and chemical properties | the morphology, composition and structural characteristics of montmorillonite determine its excellent adsorption, cation exchange, dispersion and suspension, plasticity, adhesion, etc. (1) surface electricity the surface electricity of montmorillonite comes from the following three aspects: layer charge: each unit cell can reach up to 0.6, and is not affected by the pH value of the medium. This is the main reason for the surface electronegativity of montmorillonite. bond breaking charge: it is produced on the base surface of tetrahedral sheet and the end surface of octahedral sheet, which is caused by the hydrolysis of Si-O bond breaking and Al-O(OH) bond breaking. When the pH value is less than 7, the broken bond attracts H, and the surface is positively charged; when the pH value is greater than 7, the surface is negatively charged. charge formed by ion dissociation in octahedral sheet: in acidic medium, OH-dissociation is dominant, and the end face charge is positive; In alkaline medium, Al3 + dissociation is dominant, and the end face charge is negative. The pH value is about 9.1 as isoelectric point. (2) expansibility after montmorillonite absorbs water or adsorbs organic substances, the crystal layer spacing increases and the volume expands. The water absorption and expansion multiple of calcium montmorillonite are much lower than those of sodium montmorillonite. The expansion of sodium montmorillonite is as high as 20-30 times, while calcium montmorillonite is only a few times to a dozen times. (3) dispersion suspension and pulping montmorillonite can be dispersed into colloid state in aqueous medium. Sodium montmorillonite swells with water to form a permanent suspension or emulsion. This suspension has certain viscosity, contact deformation and lubricity. The pulping of montmorillonite is not as good as palygorskite and sepiolite, the pulping rate of sodium montmorillonite can reach 10 m3/t, and the pulping rate of calcium montmorillonite is lower. (4) cation exchange and adsorption the structural unit of montmorillonite is composed of two silicon-oxygen tetrahedral layers and an aluminum-oxygen octahedron, which are connected by a common oxygen atom, and the cations between the layers can be exchanged. these exchangeable cations are potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, lithium, etc., and it is easy to split the particles into charged colloids, and the cations adsorbed between the crystal layers are exchangeable. The cation exchange capacity of natural montmorillonite in aqueous medium at pH 7 is 70-140mmol/100g (equivalent to 0.5-1 electrostatic charge per unit cell band). The ion exchange of montmorillonite is mainly interlayer cation exchange. The ions adsorbed on the crystal layer are also exchangeable and increase with the thinness of the particles. The cation exchange capacity of montmorillonite is mainly related to the type of interlayer cations. In addition, it is also affected by the particle size, crystallization degree, medium properties and other factors of montmorillonite. The higher the cationic electricity price and hydration energy, the stronger the substitution performance and the worse the substitution. Under the same concentration, the order of exchange ability of several common cations is: Li + montmorillonite clay has excellent adsorption and decolorization. White clay dominated by montmorillonite (pH value less than 7, so it is called acidic clay) is the weathering product of montmorillonite, and its decolorization rate can reach 100%. Montmorillonite clay used for adsorption and decolorization in food and chemical departments needs activation treatment to enhance its adsorption performance. (5) thermal performance montmorillonite undergoes slow expansion when heated to 200-700 ℃, and there is a sharp expansion process when it reaches 700-800 ℃, forming anhydrous montmorillonite. Then there is a larger contraction until 950 ℃ and the expansion starts again. the cation exchange capacity of sodium montmorillonite increased after heating to 100 ℃. After heating to 100-300 ℃, the cation exchange capacity decreased. After heating to 300-350 ℃, the cation exchange capacity decreased significantly. At 390-490 ℃, the expansion performance is lost, and the cation exchange capacity is reduced to 39mmol/100g. For the above properties, calcium montmorillonite is about 100 ℃ lower than sodium montmorillonite. (6) plasticity and adhesion montmorillonite has good plasticity, and its plastic limit and liquid limit (I. e. the lower limit and upper limit of water content when montmorillonite clay is in a plastic state) are much higher than kaolinite and illite, reaching 83% and 25%. The external force required for deformation of montmorillonite clay after forming is smaller than that of other clay minerals. The plasticity of montmorillonite is also related to the types of interlayer exchange cations. The plastic limit and liquid limit of sodium montmorillonite and calcium montmorillonite are obviously different. Plasticity is also related to the thickness, particle morphology and particle size of the water molecule layer. Montmorillonite clay has excellent adhesion. Similarly, the adhesion of sodium montmorillonite is better than that of calcium montmorillonite. (7) adsorption and decolorization montmorillonite clay has certain adsorption capacity for various gaseous liquid organic substances, and the maximum adsorption capacity can reach five times of its own mass, especially acidic bentonite and activated clay treated with acid have good decolorization performance for various oils. |
| efficacy and function | montmorillonite has been widely used in medicine, feed, veterinary medicine, breeding and other fields, especially in animal husbandry with antidiarrheal, mildew and bacteria, purification of water quality, hemostasis and anti-inflammatory, resistance to stress and other hot spots. Montmorillonite is a green, natural and environmentally friendly product without any toxic and side effects. The effect of treating diarrhea and protecting gastrointestinal mucosa The causes of diarrhea include bacterial diarrhea, viral diarrhea, parasitic diarrhea, non-infectious diarrhea, etc. Montmorillonite has a unique therapeutic effect on diarrhea caused by a variety of reasons. Its mechanism of action is to have a strong adsorption, fixation, and inhibition effect on pathogenic bacteria in the digestive tract, as well as the toxins and gases they produce. It loses its pathogenicity, promotes the regeneration of damaged digestive tract mucosal epithelium, restores the normal rhythm of intestinal peristalsis, maintains intestinal transport and absorption, and improves the immune function of the digestive tract. Montmorillonite powder produced by some pharmaceutical manufacturers or powder antidiarrheal drugs produced by veterinary drug manufacturers all achieve the desired effect through the function of montmorillonite to treat diarrhea. The role of adsorption and removal of mycotoxins Montmorillonite is a natural layered silicate nanomaterial, each layer is only 1nm thick, the particles are small, the specific surface area is huge, and each cubic millimeter (half a rice grain) can accommodate 300 billion particles, and each gram of powder can cover the surface of the digestive tract the size of a basketball court of 110 square meters, which can strengthen the role of mucosal barrier; plus the uneven charge characteristics of montmorillonite, the basic layer is negatively charged, and the interlayer is positively charged, so that montmorillonite has a strong electrostatic adsorption capacity, which can adsorb and inhibit a variety of viruses, bacteria and their toxins, balance the normal flora, and improve the immune function of the digestive tract. Montmorillonite also has viscoplasticity. It can be opened by sliding between layers and extends in the digestive tract. The layers are not scattered and separated from each other, thus forming a continuous protective film. Montmorillonite itself has strong adsorption power and strong demilgilis, which can effectively remove a variety of harmful mycotoxins in feed, remove the damage of toxins to animal bodies, and have strong adsorption, fixation and inhibition effects on mycotoxins such as aflatoxin, ochratoxin, zearalenone toxin, vomiting toxin, and T2 toxin. Therefore, montmorillonite is widely used as a high-quality mold remover. The role of coagulation and hemostasis Montmorillonite can activate coagulation factors, form blood clots with montmorillonite as the core on the surface of the digestive tract, and can also promote vasoconstriction. Slow down local blood flow, has a good hemostasis, accelerate wound healing effect. It can be applied to the umbilical cord and wound when the pig is born, the tail is severed and castrated, and it can also be used to stop bleeding when the livestock and poultry are damaged. Anti-stress effect Stress is the dysfunction and defense response of animals stimulated by non-specific harmful factors (stressors) in vivo and in vitro. There are many common stresses, such as cold, high temperature, noise, trauma, body movement, nervous tension, increased blood pressure, etc. Appropriate natural stress can improve animal productivity, feed conversion rate and wide resistance. If the stress is excessive, it will have serious adverse effects, such as low immunity of livestock, decreased production performance, secondary infection of other diseases, and even death. as a green natural feed additive to improve the anti-stress ability of livestock and poultry, montmorillonite has been praised by the majority of users for its advantages of simple use method, less addition amount, obvious effect and no adverse reactions. The fields of use are as follows: (1) Taking before and after weaning can effectively reduce stress response, enhance animal immunity and absorb nutrients. (2) when the weather is changeable and cold and hot, it can effectively enhance the resistance of animals and reduce the adverse reactions caused by stress factors. (3) when animals move, clean up feces or take them during transportation, it can reduce the stress response caused by fright during catching, and also reduce the stress defecation during transportation, thus reducing the harm of stress to animals. The effect of drying the body surface (1) montmorillonite can quickly dry the body surface, maintain body temperature, reduce physical loss caused by evaporation of water, accelerate the drying and healing of the umbilical cord, and prevent the invasion of external bacteria. After the placenta of the newborn animal is simply erased, it is thoroughly dried with montmorillonite, especially the umbilical cord, to improve the ability of the newborn animal to adapt to the environment. (2) Inhibit bacterial reproduction and keep the environment dry. (3) direct smear, play a dry, bacteriostatic role, prevent metritis, and other birth canal diseases. (4) to improve the survival rate of newborn animals, the newborn animals can stand and walk in a shorter time, and eat colostrum more and faster. Adsorption of ammonia, the role of environmental purification-feeding environment improvement agent continuous rainy weather, feeding environment humidity is a variety of mycotoxins caused by the high incidence of diseases, montmorillonite can effectively improve the feeding environment, ammonia adsorption, reduce the occurrence of respiratory diseases. It can be sprayed directly on the padding of livestock and poultry to solve the loss of physical fitness caused by the damp pness of the padding, inhibit bacterial reproduction, reduce the occurrence of diarrhea, coccidia, and respiratory diseases, and promote the healthy growth of animals. Purify water quality and reduce the harm of toxic substances-water quality improvement agent (1) Regulate water quality, improve immunity, eliminate water rust caused by pond bottom rancidity and geological reasons, and contain iron, sulfur, and ammonia exceeding the standard; can significantly reduce the stress response of shrimps and crabs during the shelling period, promote growth, and increase survival rate; it can significantly reduce the toxic reactions caused by hydrogen sulfide and heavy metal toxic substances in the bottom sludge of the pool each time. (2) Eliminate and degrade the pollution of heavy metals and toxic elements (mercury, antimony, arsenic, aluminum, etc.) in the aquaculture pond water caused by the discharge of industrial wastewater in the surrounding waters, and create a good water quality environment, so that the growth environment of fish and shrimp has always been In a good state, the output of fish and shrimp has been increased. (3) quickly relieve the toxins in the body of shrimp, crab, fish and shellfish, improve the immune ability of the body, and restore the normal feeding of shrimp and crab. Stabilize the PH value at the bottom of the pool, and can continuously release oxygen, increase the dissolved oxygen and flow oxygen in the water, can regulate and supplement the role of trace elements in aquaculture, and can effectively promote the metabolism of fish and shrimp, prevent and resist diseases, Improve the survival rate. (4) reduce drug residues in fish, shrimp, crab and shellfish, coordinate the balanced absorption of amino acids by organisms, make fish, shrimp and crab shellfish bright in color, delicious in meat, and improve product quality. (5) reduce the lack of non nutrient elements caused by (snail) mottling, fish scales off, promote the growth of shellfish, fish. (6) Effectively degrade the toxicity of acid rain and white dew rain, and prevent liver poisoning of shrimps, crabs and fish. |
| Uses | Used in medicine and cosmetics Solid Lewis acid catalyst to catalyze etherification/esterification reaction. |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-09 02:00:06
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